Shihab al-dîn al-Alusi (m. 1854)

Shihab al-Dîn Mahmud al-Alusi

(Baghdad, 1217 [1802] – idem, 1270 [1854])

Savant et juriste. Il est surtout connu pour l'exceptionnelle qualité de son commentaire coranique, le Ru'h al-ma'ani fi tafsir al-Qur'an al-'azim wa sab l-mathani. L'une de ses œuvres (al-Makamat) fut la première à avoir été imprimée en Irak.

Plusieurs membres de sa famille se sont illustrés après sa mort dans les sciences de la religion, en particulier son petit-fils Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi, dit "Alusizada" (m. 1924), auteur d'une cinquantaine d'ouvrages et qui fut l'un des grands théoriciens du salafisme contemporain.

Le Ru'h al-ma'ani fut publiée en Egypte par les célèbres éditions al-Bulaq dès 1301-1310 de l'ère hégirienne (1883-1892, 9 vols.). Une édition contemporaine est parue chez Dar ihia al-turath al-arabi libanon, avec une introduction de Tahar ibn Ashur.


PS. Très honnetement, je possède helas bien peu de renseignements sur le sheikh al-Alusi, si quelqu'un en détient, qu'il n'hésite surtout pas à les communiquer, Barakallahoufik.

Salam

Précision :

Le shaykh Alusi présenta son Tafsir au sultan Abd ul-Hamid en personne en 1851. Ce commentaire représente à la fois le dernier des commentaires classiques et le premier des commentaires contemporains (cf l'introduction à la science du Tafsir du shaykh Hamza Boubakeur)

Son petit-fils :

http://www.answers.com/topic/mahmud-al-alusi

Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi

He was born in Baghdad to a well-known but impoverished family of clerics. Educated in Islam by his father and uncle, he taught in Madrasa (Islamic schools) attached to mosques, wrote, and occasionally engaged in politics.

In 1889, the Ottoman Empire's governor (wali) of Baghdad named Alusi to be Arabic-language editor of the official journal al-Zawra; the next wali, however, persecuted Alusi for his pro-Wahhabi inclinations - Alusi had attacked Ottoman innovations and so-called superstitious religious practices. Around 1905, he was exiled for a short period when the wali accused him of incitement against the Ottoman sultan.

Due to Alusi's great popularity with the Sunni Muslims, in 1911 the Ottoman wali Cemal Paşa asked him to join the administrative council of Baghdad's province. In November 1914, he was sent to persuade the Saudi amir Ibn Saʿud to support the Ottoman Empire in World War I, but he failed.

In his writings, Alusi defends Islamic reformists, such as Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, and Rashid Rida; he attacks deviationist practices in Sunni Islam, which he saw as a return to polytheism. More ferocious were his attacks against the Shiʿites. He branded them rafida (renegades) and accused them of rejoicing in the Ottoman's defeat by the Russians; he also issued legal opinions (fatwa). His histories deal with Baghdad, its ulama (body of Islamic scholars), and mosques; Islamic Spain; the Najd; Arab markets, eating and drinking habits, and punishments in the Jahili period; Arab games; and Baghdadi proverbs. He also wrote essays on Arabic philology.